The most important part of broot configuration is the verbs
sections, which let you define new commands or shortcuts.
Verb Definition Attributes
You can define a new verb in the configuration file inside the verbs
list.
{
invocation: edit
key: F2
shortcut: e
apply_to: file
external: "nvim {file}"
leave_broot: false
}
The possible attributes are:
name | default | role |
---|---|---|
invocation | how the verb is called by the user, with placeholders for arguments | |
internal | execution, when your verb is based on a predefined broot verb | |
external | execution, when your verb is based on an external command | |
cmd | a semicolon sequence to execute, similar to an argument you pass to --cmd |
|
extensions | optional array of allowed file extensions | |
key | a keyboard key triggering execution | |
keys | several keyboard shortcuts triggering execution (if you want to have the choice) | |
shortcut | an alternate way to call the verb (without the arguments part) | |
leave_broot | true |
whether to quit broot on execution |
from_shell | false |
whether the verb must be executed from the parent shell (needs br ). As this is executed after broot closed, this isn't compatible with leave_broot = false |
apply_to | the type of selection this verb applies to, may be "file" , "directory" or "any" . You may declare two verbs with the same key if the first one applies to only files or only directories |
|
working_dir | the working directory of the external application, for example "{directory}" for the closest directory (the working dir isn't set if the directory doesn't exist) |
|
set_working_dir | false |
whether the working dir of the process must be set to the currently selected directory (it's equivalent to workding_dir: "{directory}" ) |
auto_exec | true |
whether to execute the verb as soon as it's key-triggered (instead of waiting for enter) |
The execution is defined either by internal
, external
or cmd
so a verb must have exactly one of those (for compatibility with older versions broot still accepts execution
for internal
or external
and guesses which one it is).
Note
The from_shell
attribute exists because some actions can't possibly be useful from a subshell. For example cd
is a shell builtin which must be executed in the parent shell.
Using quotes
If you want broot, for example, to execute xterm -e "nvim {file}"
, you may either escape the quotes as \"
or use the array format to separate parts.
So the two following verb definitions are equivalent.
With escaping:
{
invocation: xtv
external: "xterm -e \"nvim {file}\""
}
With an array:
{
invocation: xtv
external: ["xterm" "-e" "nvim {file}"]
}
File extensions
You may filter the execution of a verb with file extensions.
For example, if you'd want enter to work as predefined in most cases but just choose a specific action for some files, you might add this verb definition:
{
name: open-code
key: enter
extensions: [
rs
js
toml
]
execution: "$EDITOR +{line} {file}"
working_dir: "{root}"
leave_broot: false
}
Verbs are tried in order (the default ones after the user defined ones). You may thus define first verbs with extension filter and then a catching-all one.
Shortcuts and Verb search
broot looks for the first token following a space or :
and tries to find the verb you want.
- If what you typed is exactly the shortcut or name of a verb, then this verb is selected: broot explains you what it would do if you were to type
enter
- If there's exactly one verb whose name or shortcut starts with the characters you typed, then it's selected
- if there are several verbs whose name or shortcut start with the characters you typed, then broot waits for more
- if no verb has a name or shortcut starting with those characters, broot tells you there's a problem
Knowing this algorithm, you may understand the point in the following definition:
[[verbs]]
invocation = "p"
internal = ":parent"
This verb is an alias to the internal builtin already available if you type :parent
.
Its interest is that if you do :p
, then enter
, it is executed even while there are other verbs whose invocation pattern starts with a p
.
Use shortcuts for verbs you frequently use.
Keyboard key
The main keys you can use are
- The function keys (for example F3)
- Ctrl and Alt keys (for example ctrlT or alta)
It's possible to define a verb just to add a trigger key to an internal verb.
For example you could add those mappings:
verbs: [
{
invocation: "root"
key: "F9"
internal: ":focus /"
}
{
invocation: "home"
key: "ctrl-H"
internal: ":focus ~"
}
{
key: "alt-j"
internal: ":line_down"
}
{
invocation: "top"
key: "F6"
internal: ":select_first"
}
{
invocation: "bottom"
key: F7
internal: ":select_last"
}
{
invocation: "open"
key: crtl-O
internal: ":open_stay"
}
{
invocation: "edit"
keys: [ // several possible shortcuts here
F2
ctrl-e
]
shortcut: "e"
external: "$EDITOR +{line} {file}"
from_shell: true
}
]
Then,
- when doing altJ, you would move the selection down (notice we don't need an invocation)
- when doing Ctrl-H, you would go to you user home (
~
when on linux), - you would open files (without closing broot) with ctrl-O,
- F7 would select the last line of the tree,
- and you'd switch to your favorite editor with F2
Beware that consoles intercept some possible keys. Many keyboard shortcuts aren't available, depending on your configuration. Some keys are also reserved in broot for some uses, for example the enter key always validate an input command if there's some. The Tab, delete, backspace, esc keys are reserved too.
Verbs not leaving broot
If you set leave_broot = false
, broot won't quit when executing your command, but it will update the tree.
This is useful for commands modifying the tree (like creating or moving files).
Verb Arguments
The execution of a verb can take one or several arguments.
For example it may be defined as vi {file}̀
.
Some arguments are predefined in broot and depends on the current selection:
name | expanded to |
---|---|
{file} |
complete path of the current selection |
{file-name} |
file name of the current selection |
{file-extension} |
file extension of the current selection (example rs for main.rs ) |
{file-stem} |
file name of the current selection |
{file-dot-extension} |
dot and extension of the current selection (example .rs for main.rs ) or the empty string if there's no extension |
{line} |
number of selected line in the previewed file |
{parent} |
complete path of the current selection's parent |
{directory} |
closest directory, either {file} or {parent} |
{other-panel-file} |
complete path of the current selection in the other panel |
{other-panel-parent} |
complete path of the current selection's parent in the other panel |
{other-panel-directory} |
closest directory, either {file} or {parent} in the other panel |
{root} |
current tree root (top of the displayed files tree) |
Note
when you're in the help screen, {file}
is the configuration file, while {directory}
is the configuration directory.
But you may also define some arguments in the invocation pattern. For example:
{
invocation: "mkdir {subpath}"
external: "mkdir -p {directory}/{subpath}"
}
(the mkdir
verb is standard so you don't have to write it in the configuration file)
In this case the subpath is read from what you type:
As you see, there's a space in this path, but it works. broot tries to determine when to wrap path in quotes and when to escape so that such a command correctly works.
It also normalizes the paths it finds which eases the use of relative paths:
Here's another example, where the invocation pattern defines two arguments by destructuring:
{
invocation: "blop {name}\\.{type}"
external: "mkdir {parent}/{type} && nvim {parent}/{type}/{name}.{type}"
from_shell: true
}
And here's how it would look like:
Notice the \\.
in the invocation pattern ? That's because it is interpreted as a regular expression
(with just a shortcut for the easy case, enabling {name}
).
The whole regular expression syntax may be useful for more complex rules. Let's say we don't want the type to contain dots, then we do this:
{
invocation: "blop {name}\\.(?P<type>[^.]+)"
external: "mkdir {parent}/{type} && nvim {parent}/{type}/{name}.{type}"
from_shell: true
}
You can override the default behavior of broot by giving your verb the same shortcut or invocation than a default one.
Internals
Here's a list of internals: builtin actions you can add an alternate shortcut or keyboard key for:
invocation | default key | default shortcut | behavior / details |
---|---|---|---|
:back | Esc | - | back to previous app state (see Usage page) |
:cd | altenter | - | leave broot and cd to the selected directory (needs the br shell function) |
:chmod {args} | - | - | execute a chmod |
:clear_stage | - | cls | empty the staging area |
:close_preview | - | - | close the preview panel |
:close_staging_area | - | csa | close the staging area panel |
:copy_path | altc | - | copy path |
:cp {newpath} | - | - | copy the file or directory to the provided name |
:focus | enter | - | set the selected directory the root of the displayed tree |
:help | F1 | - | open the help page. Help page can also be open with ? |
:line_down | ↓ | - | scroll one line down or select the next line (can be used with an argument eg :line_down 4 ) |
:line_down_no_cycle | - | - | same as line_down, but doesn't cycle |
:line_up | ↑ | - | scroll one line up or select the previous line |
:line_up_no_cycle | - | - | same as line_down, but doesn't cycle |
:mkdir {subpath} | - | md | create a directory |
:mv {newpath} | - | - | move the file or directory to the provided path |
:no_sort | - | ns | remove all sorts |
:next_dir | - | - | select the next directory |
:next_match | tab | - | select the next matching file |
:open_leave | altenter | - | open the selected file in the default OS opener and leave broot |
:open_preview | - | - | open the preview panel |
:open_staging_area | - | osa | open the staging area |
:open_stay | enter | - | open the selected file in the default OS opener, or focus the directory |
:open_stay_filter | - | - | focus the directory but keeping the current filtering pattern |
:page_down | ⇟ | - | scroll one page down |
:page_up | ⇞ | - | scroll one page up |
:panel_left | ctrl← | - | move to or open a panel to the left |
:panel_left_no_open | ctrl← | - | move to panel to the left |
:panel_right | ctrl→ | - | move to or open a panel to the right |
:panel_right_no_open | ctrl→ | - | move to panel to the right |
:parent | - | - | focus the parent directory |
:previous_dir | - | - | select the previous directory |
:print_path | - | pp | print path and leave broot |
:print_relative_path | - | pp | print relative path and leave broot |
:print_tree | - | pt | print tree and leave broot |
:quit | ctrlq | q | quit broot |
:refresh | F5 | - | refresh the displayed tree and clears the directory sizes cache |
:rm | - | - | remove the selected file or directory. To stay safe, don't define a keyboard key for this action |
:select_first | - | - | select the first line |
:select_last | - | - | select the last line |
:select | - | - | select a path given as argument, if it's in the visible tree |
:sort_by_count | - | sc | sort by count (only one level of the tree is displayed) |
:sort_by_date | - | sd | sort by date |
:sort_by_size | - | ss | sort by size |
:sort_by_type | - | st | sort by type |
:sort_by_type_dirs_first | - | - | sort by type, dirs first |
:sort_by_type_dirs_last | - | - | sort by type, dirs last |
:stage | + | - | add selection to staging area |
:stage_all_files | ctrla | - | add all files verifying the pattern to the staging area |
:toggle_counts | - | - | toggle display of total counts of files per directory |
:toggle_dates | - | - | toggle display of last modified dates (looking for the most recently changed file, even deep) |
:toggle_device_id | - | - | toggle display of device id (unix only) |
:toggle_files | - | - | toggle showing files (or just folders) |
:toggle_git_file_info | - | - | toggle display of git file information |
:toggle_git_ignore | - | - | toggle git ignore handling (auto, no or yes) |
:toggle_git_status | - | - | toggle showing only the file which would show up on git status |
:toggle_hidden | - | - | toggle display of hidden files (the ones whose name starts with a dot on linux) |
:toggle_perm | - | - | toggle display of permissions (not available on Windows) |
:toggle_preview | - | - | toggle display of the preview panel |
:toggle_second_tree | - | - | toggle displaying a second tree |
:toggle_sizes | - | - | toggle the size mode |
:toggle_stage | ctrlg | - | add or remove selection to staging area |
:toggle_staging_area | - | tsa | open/close the staging area panel |
:toggle_trim_root | - | - | toggle trimming of top level files in tree display |
:unstage | - | - | remove selection from staging area |
:up_tree | - | - | focus the parent of the current root |
Note that
- you can always call a verb with its default invocation, you don't have to define a shortcut
- verbs whose invocation needs an argument (like
{newpath}
) can't be triggered with just a keyboard key.
Input related verbs
Some internal actions can be bound to a key shortcut but can't be called explicitly from the input because they directly act on the input field:
name | default binding | behavior |
---|---|---|
:input_clear | empty the input, | |
:input_del_char_left | delete | delete the char left of the cursor |
:input_del_char_below | suppr | delete the char left at the cursor's position |
:input_del_word_left | - | delete the word left of the cursor |
:input_del_word_right | - | delete the word right of the cursor |
:input_go_to_end | end | move the cursor to the end of input |
:input_go_left | ← | move the cursor to the left |
:input_go_right | → | move the cursor to the right |
:input_go_to_start | home | move the cursor to the start of input |
:input_go_word_left | - | move the cursor one word to the left |
:input_go_word_right | - | move the cursor one word to the right |
:input_selection_copy | - | copy the selected part of the input into the selection |
:input_selection_cut | - | cut the selected part of the input into the selection |
:input_paste | - | paste the clipboard content into the input |
You may add this kind of shortcuts in the verbs
section:
{ key: "alt-b", internal: ":input_go_word_left" }
{ key: "alt-f", internal: ":input_go_word_right" }
{ key: "alt-l", internal: ":input_del_word_left" }
{ key: "alt-r", internal: ":input_del_word_right" }
Copy, Cut, Paste, in input
Pasting into input is bound to ctrlV but copying from input and cutting aren't bound by default, because you don't usually write long texts here. You may add those bindings if you wish:
{ key: "ctrl-c", internal: ":input_selection_copy" }
{ key: "ctrl-x", internal: ":input_selection_cut" }
Focus
The :focus
internal has many uses.
It can be used without explicit argument in which case it takes the selection (for example :!focus
is equivalent to ctrl→).
It can be used with an argument, for example you can go to a specific place without leaving broot by typing fo /usr/bin
then enter.
You may also want to use it in some cases instead of enter because it keeps the active filter.
It serves as base for several built-in commands, like :home
whose execution is :focus ~
(~
is interpreted in broot as the user home even on Windows).
And you can add your own ones:
{ key: "ctrl-up", internal: ":focus .." }
{ key: "ctrl-d", internal: ":focus ~/dev" }
{ // make :go an alias of :focus
invocation: "go {path}",
internal: ":focus {path}"
}
{
invocation: "gotar {path}",
internal: ":focus {path}/target"
}
cmd execution
The cmd
argument lets you define a sequence, just like the one you give to broot with the --cmd
argument.
Such a sequence can contain some searches, some calls to internals, some calls to already defined external based verbs.
For example:
{
name: "backup"
invocation: "bu {name}"
cmd: ":cp {file}-back_{name};:!focus {file}-back_{name}"
apply_to: directory
}
This verb, which is only available when a directory is selected, copies this directory with a name partially composed from the command and focus the new directory in a new panel
Note
The cmd
execution type is still experimental in verbs and the precise behavior may change in future minor versions of broot